TRUNCATE(2)

NAME
truncate, ftruncate - truncate a file to a specified length

SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int truncate(const char *path, off_t length);
int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length);

DESCRIPTION
The truncate() and ftruncate() functions cause the regular file named by path or referenced by fd to be truncated to a size of precisely length bytes.

If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost. If the file previously was shorter, it is extended, and the extended part reads as null bytes ('\0').

The file offset is not changed.

If the size changed, then the st_ctime and st_mtime fields (respectively, time of last status change and time of last modification; see stat(2)) for the file are updated, and the set-user-ID and set-group-ID permission bits may be cleared.

With ftruncate(), the file must be open for writing; with truncate(), the file must be writable.

RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

ERRORS
For truncate():

EACCES
    Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix, or the named file is not writable by the user. (See also path_resolution(2).)

EFAULT
    Path points outside the process's allocated address space.

EFBIG
    The argument length is larger than the maximum file size. (XSI)

EINTR
    A signal was caught during execution.

EINVAL
    The argument length is negative or larger than the maximum file size.

EIO An I/O error occurred updating the inode.

EISDIR
    The named file is a directory.

ELOOP
    Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.

ENAMETOOLONG
    A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters, or an entire pathname exceeded 1023 characters.

ENOENT
    The named file does not exist.

ENOTDIR
    A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

EROFS
    The named file resides on a read-only file system.

ETXTBSY
    The file is a pure procedure (shared text) file that is being executed.

For ftruncate() the same errors apply, but instead of things that can be wrong with path, we now have things that can be wrong with fd:

EBADF
    The fd is not a valid descriptor.

EBADF or EINVAL
    The fd is not open for writing.

EINVAL
    The fd does not reference a regular file.

CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, SVr4 (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD). POSIX 1003.1-1996 has ftruncate(). POSIX 1003.1-2001 also has truncate(), as an XSI extension.

SVr4 documents additional truncate() error conditions EMFILE, EMULTIHP, ENFILE, ENOLINK. SVr4 documents for ftruncate() an additional EAGAIN error condition.

NOTES
The above description is for XSI-compliant systems. For non-XSI-compliant systems, the POSIX standard allows two behaviours for ftruncate() when length exceeds the file length (note that truncate() is not specified at all in such an environment): either returning an error, or extending the file. (Most Unices follow the XSI requirement.)

SEE ALSO
open(2), path_resolution(2), stat(2)